During which period is the educational aim described as purely nationalistic and democratic?

• A. American period
• B. Commonwealth period
• C. Spanish period
• D. Japanese period

Answer: (B)

During the Commonwealth period, education was framed as a tool to build national identity and democratic values. The aim was to prepare Filipinos for self-government, foster patriotism, and promote civic participation, reflecting a shift toward nation-building in schooling. Curricular reforms emphasized understanding Filipino history and democratic ideals, with a push to make education serve the aspirations of an independent nation. This stands in contrast to the Spanish period, which prioritized religious instruction and obedience to the colonial power; the American period, which stressed Americanization and practical skills for social efficiency; and the Japanese period, which used schooling for wartime mobilization and imperial propaganda.