How do formal and informal assessments differ?

• A. Formal assessments are unstructured observations; informal assessments are standardized
• B. Formal assessments are structured and standardized; informal assessments are unstructured observations and checks during instruction
• C. Formal are only quizzes; informal are only projects
• D. Formal assessments are optional; informal are mandatory

Answer: (B)

Formal assessments are structured and standardized, meaning they use consistent procedures, uniform scoring, and established norms so results can be compared across students and over time. They’re typically designed to measure achievement in a way that supports accountability and reporting, often through district or state tests, benchmark exams, or other formal instruments.

Informal assessments, on the other hand, are unstructured observations and checks that happen during instruction. They’re flexible and responsive, used to gauge understanding in the moment and to tailor teaching to current needs. Examples include teacher observations, quick checks for understanding, exit tickets, and simple rubrics applied during day-to-day activities.

That combination explains why the best description is that formal assessments are structured and standardized, while informal assessments are unstructured observations and checks during instruction.