In the SAMR model, what is the progression of technology's impact on learning tasks?

• A. Refinement, Adaptation, Modification, Renewal
• B. Substitution, Realization, Modification, Redundancy
• C. Scripting, Analytics, Monitoring, Redefinition
• D. Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition

Answer: (D)

Technology shifts how learning tasks are approached, moving from simple substitution to creating entirely new possibilities. In this model, the first stage is substitution, where technology just stands in for a traditional tool without changing the task’s function—for example, typing a paper on a computer instead of handwriting it. The next stage is augmentation, where the tech adds features that enhance the task but doesn’t fundamentally change its nature, like using spell check, grammar aids, or easy editing. Then comes modification, which allows meaningful redesign of the task thanks to technology, such as real-time collaboration, multimedia integration, or data visualization that would be hard to do otherwise. Finally, redefinition enables tasks that were previously impossible, like producing a collaborative project with peers across the world or creating an interactive simulation that learners co-create. This sequence—substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition—is the correct progression.