What best describes simple random sampling?

• A. Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection; reduces sampling bias.
• B. It involves sampling only willing volunteers.
• C. It ensures representation of each subgroup without explicit stratification.
• D. It uses designated quotas for subgroups.

Answer: (A)

Simple random sampling means every individual in the population has an equal chance of being chosen, and the selection is done randomly without any bias. This equal-probability approach helps produce a sample that, on average, represents the population, reducing sampling bias because no one is singled out or given preference. It differs from voluntary sampling, where people opt in and self-selection can skew results. It also doesn’t guarantee that every subgroup is represented unless the overall sample size is large or the population is small; if subgroup representation is important, other methods like stratified or quota sampling are used. In simple random sampling, there are no predefined quotas or strata guiding who is included.